UK pediatrics specialists have warned that a small but rising number of children are becoming ill with a rare syndrome that could be linked to coronavirus.

On Sunday the Pediatric Intensive Care Society UK (PICS) warned about a small rise in the number of cases of critically ill children, some who had tested positive for Covid-19, presenting “overlapping features of toxic shock syndrome and atypical Kawasaki disease with blood parameters.”

In a statement sent over the weekend to medical professionals who look after critically ill children, PICS said “abdominal pain and gastrointestinal symptoms have been a common feature as has cardiac inflammation.”

So what is Kawasaki disease and how worried should parents and carers be?

Kawasaki Disease:
Also known as: mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome

Early stages. Early symptoms, which can last up to two weeks, may include: high fever that persists for five or more days. rash on the torso and groin. bloodshot eyes, without crusting. bright red, swollen lips. “strawberry” tongue, which appears shiny and bright with red spots.

 

What are the symptoms of early stages?
Early stages. Early symptoms, which can last up to two weeks, may include: high fever that persists for five or more days. rash on the torso and groin. bloodshot eyes, without crusting. bright red, swollen lips. “strawberry” tongue, which appears shiny and bright with red spots.

How long do you have to see a fever in a child?
If your child has a fever that lasts more than three days, contact your child’s doctor, or see your child’s doctor if your child has a fever along with four or more of the following signs and symptoms: Redness in both eyes. A very red, swollen tongue. Redness of the palms or soles.

How do you know if your child has fever?
If your child has a fever that lasts more than three days, contact your child’s doctor, or see your child’s doctor if your child has a fever along with four or more of the following signs and symptoms: Redness in both eyes. A very red, swollen tongue. Redness of the palms or soles. Skin peeling. A rash.

How old does child have to be to feel better with Kawasaki Disease?
The condition most often affects kids younger than 5 years old. When symptoms are noticed early and treated, kids with Kawasaki disease begin to feel better within a few days.

 

• A rare disease that affects the blood vessels.
• How common is condition?
• Rare (Fewer than 200,000 cases per year in US)
• Is condition treatable?
• Treatment from medical professional advised
• Does diagnosis require lab test or imaging?
• Requires lab test or imaging
• Time taken for recovery
• Can last several days or weeks
• Condition Highlight
• Common for ages 5 and younger
• Condition Highlight
• Family history may increase likelihood

What is Kawasaki disease?
Kawasaki disease, also known as Kawasaki syndrome, is a rare childhood illness that causes the walls of the blood vessels in the body to become inflamed.

According to the UK’s National Health Service (NHS), the condition — also known as muco-cutaneous lymph node syndrome — mainly affects children under the age of 5, although it can affect children of any age.

Symptoms include a high temperature lasting for five days or longer, alongside a rash, swollen glands in the neck, dry cracked lips, red fingers or toes and red eyes, according to the healthcare provider.

If treated, the symptoms usually become less severe, the NHS said, adding that the disease is not contagious.

“Thankfully Kawasaki-like diseases are very rare, as currently are serious complications in children related to Covid-19, but it is important that clinicians are made aware of any potential emerging links so that they are able to give children and young people the right care fast,” Professor Simon Kenny, NHS national clinical director for children and young people said in a statement sent to CNN on Monday.

 

A condition that can lead to heart complications
Kawasaki disease is a leading cause of acquired heart disease in the United States, and serious complications can include aneurysms and coronary artery dilations, according to US healthcare company the Mayo Clinic.

Standard treatment, which involves intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin, can substantially decrease the development of coronary artery abnormalities, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says.

According to the NHS, around 25% of children with the disease who do not receive treatment go on to experience heart complications, which can include conditions such as heart attacks and heart disease.

However, the health care provider says that most children with Kawasaki disease make a full recovery if they receive prompt treatment.

 

What causes Kawasaki disease?
Experts admit that the causes of Kawasaki disease are not fully understood, but think that children who develop it could be genetically predisposed to it, having inherited certain genes from their parents.

The disease itself is not contagious, according to the NHS, meaning that it is unlikely to be caused by a virus alone.

The disease is more common in children from Northeast Asia, especially Japan and Korea, the NHS said.

 

What is the link to Covid-19?
The link between Kawasaki disease and Covid-19 is unclear, but health care professionals have reassured parents that the risk of children becoming severely ill with the virus remains low.

In a report released in April, the CDC said that children diagnosed with coronavirus in the US typically have mild cases of the virus.

The number of Covid-19 cases among children remains small and while some children and infants have been sick with Covid-19, adults make up most of the known cases to date, according to the CDC.

Professor Rosalind Smyth, director and professor of child health, UCL Great Ormond St Institute of Child Health, said current evidence suggests that most children with Covid-19 who receive medical attention have mild symptoms, with about half having a fever, around 40% having a cough and less than 10% of reported cases having gastrointestinal symptoms.

“However, our understanding of this condition in children is limited. Covid-19 does present, in adults, as an inflammatory disease affecting a number of organs. We should investigate fully these children, with SARS-CoV-2, who present with a multi-system inflammatory disease to assess whether this is a presentation of Covid-19,” Smyth said in a statement Monday.

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